Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department of Law, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 PhD Student in Private Law, Department of Law, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract
Transactions conducted by a debtor claiming insolvency (Muʿsir) may lack one of the essential conditions for the validity of contracts, thus rendering them void (Bāṭil) or non-enforceable. What legal scholars have focused on regarding a debtor's transactions is the discussion of fictitious transactions or those motivated by an intent to defraud creditors (fraudulent conveyance). However, what has been overlooked is the scenario where the debtor's real transactions are void or dissolved or are subject to annulment or ratification, and whether creditors can intervene in such transactions by way of subrogation (Qāʾim Maqāmī) of the debtor and file a lawsuit. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, seeks to answer the question: can creditors, when faced with a debtor's insolvency and in hopes of the return and seizure of the specific assets, act as subrogated to the debtor to annul a transaction? Or can they file a lawsuit seeking a declaration of nullity or dissolution of his transactions? The findings of this research indicate that creditors cannot be considered subrogated to the debtor in all cases. However, regarding the nullity of a contract due to the absence of one of the essential conditions for contract validity, or regarding the occurrence of dissolution, under certain conditions, based on jurisprudential and legal principles and by proving the creditors' legal interest (Dhī Nafiʿī), one can accept that creditors may file a lawsuit as successors to the debtor.
Keywords
- Dissolution
- Nullity
- Creditors' Legal Interest
- Subrogation of Creditors
- The Rule of No Harm (Qāʿidat Lā Ḍarar)
Main Subjects
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