The Obligation of the Seller to Cure Non-Conformity in Cases of Breach of Contractual Descriptions in Imami Jurisprudence and the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG)

Document Type : scientific

Authors

1 Level Four Seminary Student, Seminary of Qom; PhD Student in Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Private Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Despite the rational and legal-religious obligation to fulfill contracts, breaches concerning contractual descriptions occur in many transactions. It may become apparent after the contract's conclusion or after the delivery of the goods that the subject matter lacks the agreed-upon qualities. In Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law, the only generally recognized legal consequence of a breach of description is the option of rescission (khiyār al-faskh), whereas in many cases terminating the contract may run contrary to the interests of the beneficiary of the condition or even both contracting parties. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine jurisprudential sources to explore other remedies for breach of description. One such remedy, which has not been adequately addressed, is the possibility of obliging the seller to cure the non-conformity of the goods. Employing an inferential (ijtihād-based) methodology, the present study examines the juristic foundations of “compelling the cure of non-conforming goods” and comparatively analyzes this issue within Islamic jurisprudence, Iranian law, and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The legal nature of a descriptive condition, rational legal presumptions, and certain hadiths constitute evidence for obliging the seller to cure non-conformity in transactions involving specified goods, which is specifically examined in this study.

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Main Subjects

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Civil Jurisprudence Doctrines
Volume 17, Issue 32
December 2025
Pages 251-286

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 03 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 01 January 2025
  • Publish Date: 22 December 2025

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